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Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
Availability
Please visit this website for more information about the instrument:
Classification
Supplemental/Basic: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
  Basic: Acute Hospitalized and Moderate/ Severe TBI
  Supplemental: Epidemiology and Concussion/ Mild TBI
 
Supplemental: Cerebral Palsy (CP), Neuromuscular Disease (NMD), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)-Pediatric (ages 6 months to 7 years) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
 
Supplemental: Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD)
Particularly appropriate in assessing functional capabilities in CMD children in terms of both present status and change over time.
 
Exploratory: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Short Description of Instrument
Published in 1992, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is a descriptive measure of a child's current functional capabilities performance and tracks changes over time (Haley, Coster et al. 1992, Haley, Coster et al. 1992, Haley, Coster et al. 2010). The PEDI has been developed into a CAT and SF. The PEDI-CAT™ is a computerized adaptive test version (Haley, Coster et al. 2012).
 
The PEDI measures both capability and performance of functional activities in three content areas: Self-care, Mobility and Social Function (Boston University 2016). The PEDI-CAT™ also measures abilities across three functional domains of Daily Activities, Mobility and Social/Cognitive and "can be used across all clinical diagnoses and community settings."(Boston University 2016). It also includes a Responsibility domain that measures the extent that a caregiver or child takes "responsibility for managing complex, multi-step life tasks." (Dumas and Fragala-Pinkham 2013, Boston University 2016).
Comments/Special Instructions
Type: The original PEDI™ paper-and-pencil, parent interview; and the computer administered version PEDI-CAT™
 
Time: 45-60 minutes; PEDI-CAT™ uses algorithms to choose next items to reduce administration time.
Age Range: The original PEDI™ is limited to the functional age range of 6 months - 7.5 years (Haley, Coster et al. 1992, Dumas and Fragala-Pinkham 2013); can be used to evaluate children older than 7 years whose functional capabilities are less than that of a typically developing 7-year-old.
The PEDI-CAT™ is intended for use with children from birth through 20 years of age and can be used across all diagnoses, conditions and settings.
Scoring and Psychometric Properties
Scoring: Scoring/Norms: Manual scoring
 
Scores for the PEDI™ range between 0-100, with higher scores indicating less degree of disability (higher functional level).
 
Scores in each content area can be converted to Scaled Scores and a Standard Score obtained compared to norms from typically-developing individuals.
 
Skills commensurate with at least a master's degree level in psychology, education, or related field are recommended for interpretation. The computerized PEDI-CAT™ provides normative standard scores for 21 age groups (Dumas and Fragala-Pinkham 2013). The normative standard scores are reported as age percentiles and T scores can be used to interpret a child's functioning relative to others of the same age. Scaled scores are available for all ages which provide the child's current level of function (Dumas and Fragala-Pinkham 2013).
 
Psychometric Properties: Vos-Vromans et al. (2005) found that the PEDI was responsive to change over time in children with cerebral palsy with the most responsiveness to change in children younger than 4 years of age.
Rationale/Justification
Strengths: The PEDI allows calculation of Change Scores to monitor changes in the child's status over time. PEDI is widely used with children with a range of physical disabilities particularly cerebral palsy (Vargus-Adams, Martin et al. 2011). Vos-Vromans and colleagues (2005) found that the PEDI is responsive to changes in motor functioning in children with CP.
 
Choksi et al. (2010) used the PEDI to examine the functional recovery of children with spinal cord injury. They found that children with SCI showed improved functional skills as measured by the PEDI. Other researchers have used the PEDI to measure functional outcome in children with critical illness (Coster, Haley et al. 2008, Choong, Al-Harbi et al. 2015), because it can assess key functional capabilities, and is sensitive to change (Choong, Al-Harbi et al. 2015).
 
Weaknesses: Internationally there is mixed data regarding validity of PEDI use in other countries, though overall supports usefulness (Nordmark, Orban et al. 1999, Sršen, Vidmar et al. 2005, Berg, Aamodt et al. 2008, Elad, Barak et al. 2012).
References
Key References:
Haley SM, Coster WJ, Ludlow LH, Haltiwanger JT Andrellos PA (1992). Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: Development, Standardization and Administration Manual. Boston, MA, Trustees of Boston University.
 
Haley S, Coster W, Ludlow LH, Haltiwanger JT(1992). Pediatric evaluation of disability inventory: development, standardization, and administration manual, version 1.0. Boston, MA, Trustees of Boston University, Health and Disability Research Institute. Retrieved 13 February 2024. Available from: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/pediatric-evaluation-of-disability-inventory.
 
Haley SM, Coster WI, Kao YC, Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA, Kramer JM, Ludlow LH, Moed R. Lessons from use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory: where do we go from here? Pediatr Phys Ther. 2010 Spring;22(1):69-75.
 
Haley SM, Coster WJ, Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA, Kramer J, Ni P, Tian F, Kao YC, Moed R, Ludlow LH. Accuracy and precision of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory computer-adaptive tests (PEDI-CAT). Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Dec;53(12):1100-6.
 
Haley SM, Coster WJ, Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA (2012). Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), Version 1.3.6, Development, Standardization and Administration Manual., CRECare, LLC. Retrieved 11 January, 2016, from http://www.pearsonclinical.com/psychology/products/100000505/pediatric-evaluation-of-disability-inventory-pedi.html.
 
Additional References:
Bedell GM. Functional outcomes of school-age children with acquired brain injuries at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Brain Inj. 2008 Apr;22(4):313-24.
 
Berg M, Aamodt G, Stanghelle J, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Hussain A. Cross-cultural validation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) norms in a randomized Norwegian population. Scand J Occup Ther. 2008 Sep;15(3):143-52.
 
Cavallina I, D'Alessandro R, Brusa C, Panero E, Rolle E, Rossi F, Mongini T, Ricci FS. Motor Outcome Measures in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Muscular Dystrophies: A Scoping Review. Applied Sciences. 2023 Jan 16;13(2):1204.
 
Coster WJ, Haley S, Baryza MJ. Functional performance of young children after traumatic brain injury: a 6-month follow-up study. Am J Occup Ther. 1994 Mar;48(3):211-8.
 
Dumas HM & Fragala-Pinkham MA. (2013). Making Advances in Pediatric Outcomes: Using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). Retrieved 13 February 2024. Available from: http://www.educationresourcesinc.com/therapy-in-the-news/pedi-cat.
 
Dumas HM, Haley SM, Bedell GM, Hull EM. Social function changes in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation. Pediatr Rehabil. 2001 Oct-Dec;4(4):177-85.
 
Dumas HM, Haley SM, Boyce ME, Peters CY, Mulcahey MJ. Self-report measures of physical function for children with spinal cord injury: a review of current tools and an option for the future. Dev Neurorehabil. 2009 Apr;12(2):113-8.
 
Dumas HM, Haley SM, Fragala MA, Steva BJ. Self-care recovery of children with brain injury: descriptive analysis using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) functional classification levels. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2001;21(2-3):7-27.
 
Dumas HM, Haley SM, Ludlow LH, Carey TM. Recovery of ambulation during inpatient rehabilitation: physical therapist prognosis for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury. Phys Ther. 2004 Mar;84(3):232-42.
 
Elad D, Barak S, Eisenstein E, Bar O, Herzberg O, Brezner A. Reliability and validity of Hebrew Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) in children with cerebral palsy -- health care professionals vs. mothers. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2012;5(2):107-15.
 
Feldman AB, Haley SM, Coryell J. Concurrent and construct validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Phys Ther. 1990 Oct;70(10):602-10.
 
Fragala MA, Haley SM, Dumas HM, Rabin JP. Classifying mobility recovery in children and youth with brain injury during hospital-based rehabilitation. Brain Inj. 2002 Feb;16(2):149-60.
 
Fragala-Pinkham M, Pasternak A, McDermott MP, Mirek E, Glanzman AM, Montes J, Dunaway Young S, Salazar R, Quigley J, Riley SO, Chiriboga CA, Finkel RS, Tennekoon G, Martens WB, De Vivo DC, Darras BT. Psychometric properties of the PEDI-CAT for children and youth with spinal muscular atrophy. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2021;14(3):451-461.
 
Haley SM, Dumas HM, Rabin JP, Ni P. Early recovery of walking in children and youths after traumatic brain injury. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003 Oct;45(10):671-5.
 
Iyer LV, Haley SM, Watkins MP, Dumas HM. Establishing minimal clinically important differences for scores on the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory for inpatient rehabilitation. Phys Ther. 2003 Oct;83(10):888-98.
 
Kothari DH, Haley SM, Gill-Body KM, Dumas HM. Measuring functional change in children with acquired brain injury (ABI): comparison of generic and ABI-specific scales using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Phys Ther. 2003 Sep;83(9):776-85.
 
McCarthy ML, Silberstein CE, Atkins EA, Harryman SE, Sponseller PD, Hadley-Miller NA. Comparing reliability and validity of pediatric instruments for measuring health and well-being of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002 Jul;44(7):468-76.
 
Nichols DS & Case-Smith . Reliability and Validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Pediatr Phys Ther. Spring 1996;8(1):15-24.
 
Nordmark E, Orban K, Hägglund G, Jarnlo GB. The American Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Applicability of PEDI in Sweden for children aged 2.0-6.9 years. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1999 Jun;31(2):95-100.
 
Ogonowski J, Kronk R, Rice C, Feldman H. Inter-rater reliability in assigning ICF codes to children with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil. 2004 Mar 18;26(6):353-61.
 
Østensjø S, Bjorbaekmo W, Carlberg EB, Vøllestad NK. Assessment of everyday functioning in young children with disabilities: an ICF-based analysis of concepts and content of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Disabil Rehabil. 2006 Apr 30;28(8):489-504.
 
Pasternak A, Sideridis G, Fragala-Pinkham M, Glanzman AM, Montes J, Dunaway S, Salazar R, Quigley J, Pandya S, O'Riley S, Greenwood J, Chiriboga C, Finkel R, Tennekoon G, Martens WB, McDermott MP, Fournier HS, Madabusi L, Harrington T, Cruz RE, LaMarca NM, Videon NM, Vivo DC, Darras BT; Muscle Study Group (MSG) and the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (PNCRN). Rasch analysis of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-computer adaptive test (PEDI-CAT) item bank for children and young adults with spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve. 2016 Dec;54(6):1097-1107.
 
Reid DT, Boschen K & Wright V. Critique of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 1994;13(4):57-93.
 
Shirely Ryan Ability Lab. 2017. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Accessed 10 October 2023 from: https://www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures/pediatric-evaluation-disability-inventory.
 
Sršen KG, Vidmar G, Zupan A. Applicability of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory in Slovenia. J Child Neurol. 2005 May;20(5):411-6
 
Tokcan G, Haley SM, Gill-Body KM, Dumas HM. Item-specific functional recovery in children and youth with acquired brain injury. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 Spring;15(1):16-22.
 
Tsai PY, Yang TF, Chan RC, Huang PH, Wong TT. Functional investigation in children with spina bifida -- measured by the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Childs Nerv Syst. 2002 Feb;18(1-2):48-53.
 
Vargus-Adams JN, Martin LK, Maignan SH, Klein AC, Salisbury S. The GMFM, PEDI, and CP-QOL and perspectives on functioning from children with CP, parents, and medical professionals. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2011;4(1):3-12.
 
Vos-Vromans DC, Ketelaar M, Gorter JW. Responsiveness of evaluative measures for children with cerebral palsy: the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Oct 30;27(20):1245-52.
 
SCI-Pediatric-Specific References:
Choksi A, Townsend EL, Dumas HM, Haley SM. Functional recovery in children and adolescents with spinal cord injury. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2010 Summer;22(2):214-21.
 
Choong K, Al-Harbi S, Siu K, Wong K, Cheng J, Baird B, Pogorzelski D, Timmons B, Gorter JW, Thabane L, Khetani M; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Functional recovery following critical illness in children: the "wee-cover" pilot study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015 May;16(4):310-8.
 
Coster WJ, Haley SM, Ni P, Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA. Assessing self-care and social function using a computer adaptive testing version of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Apr;89(4):622-9.
 
Dumas H. Clinical review of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2001 Spring;13(1):47-8.
 
Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA. Concurrent validity and reliability of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory-computer adaptive test mobility domain. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2012 Summer;24(2):171-6; discussion 176.
 
Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA, Haley SM, Ni P, Coster W, Kramer JM, Kao YC, Moed R, Ludlow LH. Computer adaptive test performance in children with and. without disabilities: prospective field study of the PEDI-CAT. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(5):393-401.
 
Dumas HM, Fragala-Pinkham MA, Rosen EL, O'Brien JE. Construct validity of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test (PEDI-CAT) in children with medical complexity. Disabil Rehabil. 2017 Nov;39(23):2446-2451.
 
Shore BJ, Allar BG, Miller PE, Matheney TH, Snyder BD, Fragala-Pinkham M. Measuring the Reliability and Construct Validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Jan;100(1):45-51.
 
Document last updated October 2024