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Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition (WRAML-2)
Availability
Please visit this website for more information about the instrument:
Classification
Supplemental: Cerebral Palsy (CP), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromuscular Disease (NMD), Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) Subacute (after 72 hours to 3 months) and Persistent/Chronic (3 months and greater post concussion), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
Short Description of Instrument
Benefit: Provides an integrated set of memory tests that can be used across a life span.
 
Ages/Grade: 5 to 90 years.
 
Administration Time: Less than 60 minutes for core battery; 10 to 15 minutes for Memory Screening Form.
 
Format: Individually administered memory, delayed recall, and recognition tasks.
Comments/Special Instructions
The WRAML2 is a lifespan product (ages 5-90 years) that quickly and efficiently allows clinicians to assess memory function vs. WMS-IV (ages 16-90) (Wechsler, 2009) and CMS (ages 5-16).
 
Current version of WRAML is version 3 (Sheslow & Adams, 2021). The differences between the WRAML2  and WRAML3 are listed below. (Pearson, 2021).
 
Administration
WRAML2
    • Screening Form
    • Core subtests with optional subtests
WRAML3 (Adams & Sheslow, 2021)
    • Screener Form - subtests can be plugged into full battery
    • Brief Form - abbreviated stand-alone battery
    • Improved administration procedures for Finger Window
 
Content
WRAML2
    • Assesses verbal and visual immediate recall, verbal delayed recall, and verbal and visual recognition memory
    • Assesses attention/concentration
    • Assesses working memory
WRAML3
    • Assesses verbal and visual immediate and delayed recall, and recognition
    • Assesses attention/concentration
    • Assesses verbal and visual working memory
    • Developmentally appropriate content for adults
    • Expanded coverage of working memory subtests to full age range
 
Norms and Clinical Studies
WRAML2
    • Data collected 2002-2003
WRAML3
    • Data collected 2019-2020
    • Updated reliability and validity studies
Scoring and Reporting
WRAML2
    • Paper and pencil administration and scoring
    • WRAML2 scoring software
WRAML3
    • Paper and pencil administration and scoring 
    • Web-based scoring and reporting via Q-global 
Scoring and Psychometric Properties
Scores: Index and subtest scores that can be converted to standard scores and percentiles for age-based performance comparisons.
 
The WRMAL2 design memory and recognition subtests require youth to draw geometric designs from memory and assess delayed recall (10 seconds) and delayed recognition (10-15 minutes). Age-adjusted scaled scores in this test have a mean of 10 and SD of 3. (Kerr et al., 2019)
 
Psychometric Properties: WRMAL2: Please see Atkinson et al. (2008) WRMAL3: Please see WRAML™3 Interpretive Report - Standard Form (Adams & Sheslow, 2021)
Rationale/Justification
Sport-Related Concussion Specific:
 
Strengths: This comprehensive memory measure is widely used in traumatic brain injury, though more often with children with moderate to severe levels of impairment. It includes a screening method and more in depth tests of learning, recall, and recognition.
 
Weaknesses: More often used in samples with mixed severity rather than concussion.
References
Key References:
 
Sheslow D, Adams W. In: Wilmington DE, ed. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning. 2nd ed. Wide Range Inc; 2003.
 
Sheslow D & Adams W. (2003) Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning Second Edition (WRAML-2). Retrieved 2023 August 16. Accessed from: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wide-Range-Assessment-of-Memory-and-Learning-%7C-Second-Edition/p/100001702.html
 
Adams W & Sheslow D. (2021) Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning | Third Edition (WRAML3). Retrieved 2023 December 22. Accessed from: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wide-Range-Assessment-of-Memory-and-Learning-%7C-Third-Edition-/p/P100002000.html
 
Additional References:
Atkinson TM, Konold TR, Glutting JJ. Patterns of memory: a normative taxonomy of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-Second Edition (WRAML-2). J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 Sep;14(5):869-77.
 
Donders J& Hoffman N. Gender differences in learning and memory after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol. 2002;16(4):491-499.
 
Farmer J, Haut J, Williams J, Kapila C, Johnstone B, Kirk K. Comprehensive assessment of memory functioning following traumatic brain injury in children. Dev Neuropsychol. 1999;15(2):269-289.
 
Kerr SJ, Puthanakit T, Malee KM, Thongpibul K, Ly PS, Sophonphan J, Suwanlerk T, Kosalaraksa P, Ounchanum P, Aurpibul L, Kanjanavanit S, Ngampiyaskul C, Chettra K, Robbins R, Paul R, Ananworanich J, Mellins CA. Increased Risk of Executive Function and Emotional Behavioral Problems Among Virologically Well-Controlled Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents in Thailand and Cambodia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Nov 1;82(3):297-304.
 
Pearson Assessments (2021). Retrieved 2023 December 22. Accessed from: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wraml3/wraml3-flyer.pdf
 
Sheslow D & Adams W. (2003). Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-- Revised (WRAML-2). Administration and Technical Manual. Wide Range, Inc: Wilmington, DE.
 
Williams J& Haut J. Differential performances on the WRAML in children and adolescents diagnosed with epilepsy, head injury and substance abuse. Dev Neuropsychol. 1995;11(2):201-213.
 
Wechsler D (2009).Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth Edition. Retrieved 2023 December 22.  Accessed from https://www.pearsonclinical.ca/store/caassessments/en/weschler/Wechsler-Memory-Scale-%7C-Fourth-Edition/p/P100008238.html
 
 
Woodward H& Donders J. The performance of children with traumatic head injury on the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning--Screening. Appl Neuropsychol. 1998;5(3):113-119.
 
Document last updated October 2024