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Drooling%20Rating%20Scale%20(DRS)
Drooling%20Rating%20Scale%20(DRS)
| Availability |
Please visit this website for more information about the instrument: Drooling Rating Scale
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| Classification |
Supplemental: Parkinson's Disease (PD)
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| Short Description of Instrument |
The Drooling Rating Scale (DRS) was first developed in 2001 to evaluate sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease patients. The scale was a component of a speech and language therapy intervention program developed by Marks and colleagues (2001). The DRS evaluates drooling in multiple situations including while sitting, standing, while in bed, talking, eating, and drinking.
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| Comments/Special Instructions |
There is a second component to the test in the original report that is not a scale but entails counting the number of swallows during a five-minute period to be performed three times during the day.
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| Scoring and Psychometric Properties |
Scoring: The DRS consists of 5 items that are scored on a scale of 0-3 with 0 indicating no drooling and 3 indicating severe drooling.
Excessive dryness of mouth (Score = 0)
No excess saliva (Score = 0)
Excess of saliva in mouth without drooling (Score = 1)
Mild to moderate drooling, needs occasional wiping (Score = 2)
Continuous drooling, wet clothes or constant use of handkerchief or tissue (Score = 3)
The total maximum score is 15 (Marks, Turner et al., 2001; Evatt, Chaudhuri et al., 2009).
Psychometric Properties: The DRS has not undergone any formal validation study or clinimetric evaluation.
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| Rationale/Justification |
Strengths: The DRS is simple to complete and easy to use. It evaluates drooling in multiple situations. It has been used in multiple studies involving Parkinson's disease patients.
Weaknesses: The DRS has not undergone formal validation.
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| References |
Key Reference:
Marks L, Turner K, O'Sullivan J, Deighton B, Lees A. Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a novel speech and language therapy intervention. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2001;36 Suppl:282-7.
Additional References:
Evatt ML, Chaudhuri KR, Chou KL, Cubo E, Hinson V, Kompoliti K, Yang C, Poewe W, Rascol O, Sampaio C, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Dysautonomia rating scales in Parkinson's disease: sialorrhea, dysphagia, and constipation--critique and recommendations by movement disorders task force on rating scales for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2009 Apr 15;24(5):635-46.
Nascimento D, Carmona J, Mestre T, Ferreira JJ, Guimar?es I. Drooling rating scales in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Oct;91:173-180.
Document last updated August 2022
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